oracle提供了sqlldr的工具，有時需要講數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到文本，oracle的spool可以輕松實現(xiàn)。
方便的實現(xiàn)oracle導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到txt、txt導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到oracle。
一、導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到txt
用all_objects表做測試
SQL> desc all_objects;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19)
CREATED NOT NULL DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1)
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
拿object_id,object_name做導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入測試。
一些設(shè)置滿足數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出的樣式：
vi exp_table.sql
set line 1000 --設(shè)置行的長度
set pagesize 0 --輸出不換頁
set feedback off --默認的當一條sql發(fā)出的時候，oracle會給一個反饋，比如說創(chuàng)建表的時候，如果成功命令行會返回類似：Table created的反饋,off后不顯示反饋
set heading off --不顯示表頭信息
set trimspool on --如果trimspool設(shè)置為on，將移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on --去掉空字符
set echo off; --顯示start啟動的腳本中的每個sql命令，缺省為on
set colsep '|' --設(shè)置分隔符
set termout off --不在屏幕上顯示結(jié)果
spool db1.txt --記錄數(shù)據(jù)到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)語句
spool off --收集完畢
exit
一切就緒后導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)：
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可選，去除每行開頭部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$
導(dǎo)出后檢查數(shù)據(jù)的記錄數(shù)是否正確
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988 --數(shù)據(jù)正確
二、從txt導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到oracle
sqlldr是通過一個control文件設(shè)定后，從文本導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)
建立一張測試表
SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));
Table created.
建立一個control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
load data
infile 'db1.txt' --數(shù)據(jù)來源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr --數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到表tb_sqldr中，導(dǎo)入方式為追加，如果想覆蓋
fields terminated by "|" --4、字段終止于X'09'，是一個制表符(tab)
(id,name) --定義對應(yīng)的字段名稱，注意順序
導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)分成四種模式，可以根據(jù)需求選擇：
APPEND // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 就加在后面
INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) sqlloader會停止 默認值
REPLACE // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 原先的數(shù)據(jù)會全部刪除
TRUNCATE // 指定的內(nèi)容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現(xiàn)存數(shù)據(jù)
執(zhí)行導(dǎo)入操作
sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl
差不多5w的數(shù)據(jù)短短2s解決
執(zhí)行導(dǎo)入后驗證數(shù)據(jù)
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988
導(dǎo)入成功
再執(zhí)行一次導(dǎo)入操作，由于設(shè)置為追加：
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
99976
記錄翻倍
sqlldr還有很多參數(shù)供選擇，比如log、bad這些，查看幫助即可。
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
userid -- ORACLE username/password
control -- control file name
log -- log file name
bad -- bad file name
data -- data file name
discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all)
skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0)
load -- number of logical records to load (Default all)
errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50)
rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE)
parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE)
file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)
PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.
總結(jié)
以上就是本文關(guān)于oracle數(shù)據(jù)與文本導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出源碼示例的全部內(nèi)容，感興趣的朋友可以參閱：ORACLE SQL語句優(yōu)化技術(shù)要點解析、oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動階段分析、oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出命令解析等，如有不足之處，歡迎留言指正，希望對大家有所幫助。感謝大家對腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持。
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