XML文件是可拓展標記語言，是一種簡單的數據存儲語言，被設計用來傳輸和存儲數據
在Python中XML的一些方法
讀取文件和內容
#引用xml模塊
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
# ET去打開xml文件
tree = ET.parse("files/xo.xml")
# 獲取根標簽
root = tree.getroot()
print(root) # Element 'data' at 0x7f94e02763b0>
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
content = """
data>
country name="Liechtenstein">
rank updated="yes">2/rank>
year>2023/year>
gdppc>141100/gdppc>
neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
/country>
country name="Panama">
rank updated="yes">69/rank>
year>2026/year>
gdppc>13600/gdppc>
neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
/country>
/data>
"""
root = ET.XML(content) # 獲取根標簽
print(root) # Element 'data' at 0x7fdaa019cea0>
讀取節點數據
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
content = """
data>
country name="Liechtenstein" id="999" >
rank>2/rank>
year>2023/year>
gdppc>141100/gdppc>
neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
/country>
country name="Panama">
rank>69/rank>
year>2026/year>
gdppc>13600/gdppc>
neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
/country>
/data>
"""
# 獲取根標簽 data
root = ET.XML(content)
country_object = root.find("country") # 獲取XML文件中的country標簽
print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 獲取country標簽名 獲取country標簽地屬性
gdppc_object = country_object.find("gdppc")# 獲取gdppc標簽
print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 獲取gdppc標簽的名稱 獲取gdppc屬性(沒有屬性為:{}) 獲取gdppc標簽里面的內容
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
content = """
data>
country name="Liechtenstein">
rank>2/rank>
year>2023/year>
gdppc>141100/gdppc>
neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
/country>
country name="Panama">
rank>69/rank>
year>2026/year>
gdppc>13600/gdppc>
neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
/country>
/data>
"""
# 獲取根標簽 data
root = ET.XML(content)
# 獲取data標簽的孩子標簽
for child in root:
# child.tag = conntry 獲取到兩個country標簽
# child.attrib = {"name":"Liechtenstein"}
print(child.tag, child.attrib)
for node in child:
print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 獲取到reank標簽
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
content = """
data>
country name="Liechtenstein">
rank>2/rank>
year>2023/year>
gdppc>141100/gdppc>
neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
/country>
country name="Panama">
rank>69/rank>
year>2026/year>
gdppc>13600/gdppc>
neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
/country>
/data>
"""
root = ET.XML(content)
# 找到子子孫孫的year標簽
for child in root.iter('year'):
print(child.tag, child.text)
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
content = """
data>
country name="Liechtenstein">
rank>2/rank>
year>2023/year>
gdppc>141100/gdppc>
neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
/country>
country name="Panama">
rank>69/rank>
year>2026/year>
gdppc>13600/gdppc>
neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
/country>
/data>
"""
root = ET.XML(content)
v1 = root.findall('country') # 找到所有的country標簽
print(v1)
v2 = root.find('country').find('rank') # 找到country標簽中的rank標簽
print(v2.text)
刪除和修改節點
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
content = """
data>
country name="Liechtenstein">
rank>2/rank>
year>2023/year>
gdppc>141100/gdppc>
neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
/country>
country name="Panama">
rank>69/rank>
year>2026/year>
gdppc>13600/gdppc>
neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
/country>
/data>
"""
root = ET.XML(content)
# 修改節點內容和屬性
rank = root.find('country').find('rank')
print(rank.text)
rank.text = "999" # 修改rank標簽里面的內容
rank.set('update', '2020-11-11') # 為rank標簽新增一個update屬性
print(rank.text, rank.attrib)
############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("new.xml", encoding='utf-8')
# 刪除節點
root.remove( root.find('country') )
print(root.findall('country'))
############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')
構建文檔
home>
son name="兒1">
grandson name="兒11">/grandson>
grandson name="兒12">/grandson>
/son>
son name="兒2">/son>
/home>
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
# 創建根標簽
root = ET.Element("home")
# 創建節點大兒子
son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '兒1'})
# 創建小兒子
son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '兒2'})
# 在大兒子中創建兩個孫子
grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '兒11'})
grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '兒12'})
son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)
# 把兒子添加到根節點中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('oooo.xml', encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短標簽的形式創建
famliy>
son name="兒1">
grandson name="兒11">/grandson>
grandson name="兒12">/grandson>
/son>
son name="兒2">/son>
/famliy>
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
# 創建根節點
root = ET.Element("famliy")
# 創建大兒子
son1 = root.makeelement('son', {'name': '兒1'})
# 創建小兒子
son2 = root.makeelement('son', {"name": '兒2'})
# 在大兒子中創建兩個孫子
grandson1 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '兒11'})
grandson2 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '兒12'})
son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)
# 把兒子添加到根節點中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('oooo.xml',encoding='utf-8')
famliy>
son name="兒1">
age name="兒11">孫子/age>
/son>
son name="兒2">/son>
/famliy>
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
# 創建根節點
root = ET.Element("famliy")
# 創建節點大兒子
son1 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={'name': '兒1'})
# 創建小兒子
son2 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={"name": "兒2"})
# 在大兒子中創建一個孫子
grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, "age", attrib={'name': '兒11'})
grandson1.text = '孫子'
et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文檔對象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
# 創建根節點
root = ET.Element("user")
root.text = "![CDATA[你好呀]]"
et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文檔對象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")
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