pssh是一款開源的軟件，使用python實現，用于批量ssh操作大批量機器；pssh是一個可以在多臺服務器上執(zhí)行命令的工具，同時支持拷貝文件，是同類工具中很出色的；比起for循環(huán)的做法，我更推薦使用pssh！使用pssh的前提是：必須在本機與其他服務器上配置好密鑰認證訪問（即ssh信任關系）。

下面就說下使用pssh進行批量操作的記錄：

1）安裝pssh
可以yum直接安裝：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# yum install -y pssh

2）pssh用法

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pssh --help


-h 執(zhí)行命令的遠程主機列表文件
-H user@ip:port 文件內容格式[user@]host[:port]
-l 遠程機器的用戶名
-p 一次最大允許多少連接
-o 輸出內容重定向到一個文件
-e 執(zhí)行錯誤重定向到一個文件
-t 設置命令執(zhí)行的超時時間
-A 提示輸入密碼并且把密碼傳遞給ssh（注意這個參數添加后只是提示作用，隨便輸入或者不輸入直接回車都可以）
-O 設置ssh參數的具體配置，參照ssh_config配置文件
-x 傳遞多個SSH 命令，多個命令用空格分開，用引號括起來
-X 同-x 但是一次只能傳遞一個命令
-i 顯示標準輸出和標準錯誤在每臺host執(zhí)行完畢后
-I 讀取每個輸入命令，并傳遞給ssh進程 允許命令腳本傳送到標準輸入

3）pssh實例說明

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat hosts.txt    //列表文件內的信息格式是“ip:端口”，如果本機和遠程機器使用的ssh端口一致，則可以省去端口，直接用ip就行。不過建議還是將端口都帶上為好。
192.168.1.101:22
192.168.1.109:22
192.168.1.118:25791
192.168.1.105:25791
如上四臺機器放在一個列表文件hosts.txt內，本機已經和這四臺機器做了ssh無密碼登陸的信任關系
注意：列表文件內的機器必須提前和本機做好ssh信任關系，如果沒有做的話，那么pssh批量執(zhí)行時，輪到這臺沒有做信任關系的機器時就不會執(zhí)行。

a）批量執(zhí)行命令

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pssh -h hosts.txt -l root -i 'uptime'
[1] 16:05:48 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
03:03:25 up 79 days, 13:44, 0 users, load average: 0.04, 0.01, 0.00
[2] 16:05:48 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
03:03:32 up 75 days, 15:27, 4 users, load average: 0.96, 0.74, 0.45
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.118 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[3] 16:05:48 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
03:03:25 up 61 days, 21:56, 2 users, load average: 0.02, 0.06, 0.18
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.102 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[4] 16:05:48 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
16:03:17 up 35 days, 23:45, 1 user, load average: 0.03, 0.04, 0.01
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.101 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!

如果添加-A參數，那么即使提前做了ssh信任關系，還是會提示輸入密碼！

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pssh -h hosts.txt -l root -i -A 'uptime'
Warning: do not enter your password if anyone else has superuser
privileges or access to your account.
Password:                          //注意這個參數添加后只是提示作用，可以在此隨便輸入或者不輸入直接回車都可以
[1] 16:08:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
03:06:03 up 79 days, 13:46, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
[2] 16:08:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
03:06:03 up 61 days, 21:59, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.04, 0.15
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.102 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[3] 16:08:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
16:05:54 up 35 days, 23:47, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.00
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.101 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[4] 16:08:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
03:06:10 up 75 days, 15:29, 4 users, load average: 0.85, 0.78, 0.51
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.118 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pssh -h hosts.txt -l root -i -t 10 -o /root/pssh.log 'uptime && date'
[1] 17:01:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
03:58:33 up 79 days, 5:58, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Wed Feb 8 03:58:33 EST 2017
[2] 17:01:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
03:58:40 up 79 days, 14:39, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Wed Feb 8 03:58:40 EST 2017
[3] 17:01:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
16:58:31 up 36 days, 40 min, 1 user, load average: 0.10, 0.03, 0.01
Wed Feb 8 16:58:31 CST 2017
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.101 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[4] 17:01:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
03:58:47 up 75 days, 16:22, 3 users, load average: 0.20, 0.21, 0.31
Wed Feb 8 03:58:47 EST 2017
Stderr: Address 192.168.1.118 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# ll /root/pssh.log/
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Feb 8 17:01 192.168.1.101
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 99 Feb 8 17:01 192.168.1.105
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 99 Feb 8 17:01 192.168.1.109
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Feb 8 17:01 192.168.1.118

b）批量上傳文件或目錄（pscp.pssh命令）
批量上傳本地文件/mnt/test.file到遠程服務器上的/tmp目錄：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pscp.pssh -l root -h hosts.txt /mnt/test.file /tmp/
[1] 16:18:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[2] 16:18:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[3] 16:18:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:18:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

批量上傳本地文件/mnt/test.file、/mnt/aa.file、/mnt/bb.file到遠程服務器上的/tmp目錄：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pscp.pssh -l root -h hosts.txt /mnt/test.file /mnt/aa.file /mnt/bb.file /tmp/
[1] 16:22:50 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:22:50 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:22:50 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[4] 16:22:50 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101

或者：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pscp.pssh -l root -h hosts.txt /mnt/{test.file,aa.file,bb.file} /tmp/
[1] 16:23:44 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:23:44 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:23:44 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:23:44 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

批量上傳本地目錄/mnt/zhong到遠程服務器上的/tmp目錄（上傳目錄需要添加-r參數）：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pscp.pssh -l root -h hosts.txt -r /mnt/zhong /tmp/
[1] 16:19:36 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:19:36 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:19:36 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:19:36 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

批量上傳本地目錄/mnt/zhong、/mnt/aa、/mnt/vv到遠程服務器上的/tmp目錄

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pscp.pssh -l root -h hosts.txt -r /mnt/zhong /mnt/aa /mnt/vv /tmp/
[1] 16:21:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[2] 16:21:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[3] 16:21:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:21:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

或者：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pscp.pssh -l root -h hosts.txt -r /mnt/{zhong,aa,vv} /tmp/
[1] 16:22:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:22:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:22:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:22:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

c）批量下載文件或目錄（pslurp命令）
批量下載服務器上的某文件到本地，不用擔心重名問題，因為pssh已經建立了以文件列表內的ip為名稱的目錄來存放下載的文件：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pslurp -l root -h hosts.txt /etc/hosts .
[1] 16:32:01 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:32:01 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:32:01 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:32:01 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# ll
total 123
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:32 192.168.1.101
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:32 192.168.1.105
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:32 192.168.1.109
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:32 192.168.1.118
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# ll 192.168.1.101
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 224 Feb 8 16:32 hosts
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# ll 192.168.1.109
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 252 Feb 8 16:32 hosts
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# ll 192.168.1.105
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 252 Feb 8 16:32 hosts
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# ll 192.168.1.118
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 212 Feb 8 16:32 hosts

另外特別注意：
上面的批量下載操作，只能下載到本地的當前目錄下，不能在命令中跟指定的路徑：

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pslurp -l root -h hosts.txt /etc/hosts /mnt/
[1] 16:34:14 [FAILURE] 192.168.1.109 Exited with error code 1
[2] 16:34:14 [FAILURE] 192.168.1.105 Exited with error code 1
[3] 16:34:14 [FAILURE] 192.168.1.101 Exited with error code 1
[4] 16:34:14 [FAILURE] 192.168.1.118 Exited with error code 1

要想下載到本機的/mnt目錄下，正確的做法是先切換到/mnt目錄下，然后再執(zhí)行下載命令：（列表文件要跟全路徑）

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@bastion-IDC mnt]# pslurp -l root -h /root/hosts.txt /etc/hosts ./
[1] 16:34:34 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:34:34 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:34:34 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[4] 16:34:34 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[root@bastion-IDC mnt]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:34 192.168.1.101
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:34 192.168.1.105
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:34 192.168.1.109
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:34 192.168.1.118

上面是批量下載文件，要是批量下載目錄，只需要添加一個-r參數即可！

[root@bastion-IDC mnt]# pslurp -l root -h /root/hosts.txt -r /home/ ./
[1] 16:39:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:39:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:39:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:39:05 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[root@bastion-IDC mnt]# ll 192.168.1.101
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:39 home
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 224 Feb 8 16:38 hosts
[root@bastion-IDC mnt]# ll 192.168.1.*
192.168.1.101:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:39 home
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 224 Feb 8 16:38 hosts
192.168.1.105:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:39 home
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 252 Feb 8 16:38 hosts
192.168.1.109:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:39 home
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 252 Feb 8 16:38 hosts
192.168.1.118:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 8 16:39 home
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 212 Feb 8 16:38 hosts

d）批量同步（prsync命令）
同步本機/mnt/test目錄下的文件或目錄到遠程機器的/mnt/test路徑下

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# prsync -l root -h hosts.txt -r /mnt/test/ /mnt/test/
[1] 16:46:41 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:46:41 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:46:41 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[4] 16:46:41 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101

同步本機/mnt/test目錄下的文件或目錄到遠程機器的/mnt路徑下

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# prsync -l root -h hosts.txt -r /mnt/test/ /mnt/
[1] 16:47:40 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:47:40 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:47:45 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:47:46 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

注意：
上面批量同步目錄操作是將本機對應目錄數據同步到遠程機器上，遠程機器上對于目錄下多余的文件也會保留（不會刪除多余文件）

同理，批量同步文件操作，去掉-r參數，
注意：同步文件的時候，其實就是完全覆蓋，遠程機器對應文件內的文件會被全部替換！
如下：
同步本機的/mnt/test/file文件內容到遠程服務器/mnt/test/file文件內

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# prsync -l root -h hosts.txt /mnt/test/file /mnt/test/file
[1] 16:53:54 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:53:54 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:53:54 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:53:54 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# prsync -l root -h hosts.txt /mnt/test/file /mnt/aaa
[1] 16:54:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 16:54:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 16:54:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101
[4] 16:54:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118

e）批量kill遠程機器上的進程（pnuke命令）
比如批量kill掉遠程機器上的nginx進程

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# pnuke -h hosts.txt -l root nginx
[1] 17:09:14 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.109
[2] 17:09:14 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.105
[3] 17:09:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.118
[4] 17:09:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.101